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try to refine the error, but all the new test cases produce correct results. You spend several hours reading and rereading the code and hand-calculating the results. They all check out. After a few more hours, something causes you to reexamine the test data. Eureka! The error s in the test data! How idiotic it feels to waste hours tracking down an error in the test data rather than in the code! This is a common experience. Test cases are often as likely or more likely to contain errors than the code being tested (Weiland 1983, Jones 1986a, Johnson 1994). The reasons are easy to find especially when the developer writes the test cases. Test cases tend to be created on the fly rather than through a careful design and construction process. They are often viewed as one-time tests and are developed with the care commensurate with something to be thrown away. You can do several things to reduce the number of errors in your test cases:

Resource records appear in varying formats, depending on the context in which they are used. For example, when lookups and responses are made using DNS, resource records are represented in binary form in packets. In the DNS console, resource records are represented graphically so that they can be viewed and modified easily. However, at the source in the zone database files resource records are represented as text entries. In fact, by creating resource records in the DNS console, you are auto matically adding text entries to the corresponding zone s database file.

4. In the console tree, right-click RADIUS Clients, and then click New RADIUS Client. 5. On the Name And Address page of the New RADIUS Client Wizard, type VPN1 in the Friendly Name text box, type 172.16.0.4 in the Client Address (IP Or DNS) text box, and then click Next.

Check your work Develop test cases as carefully as you develop code. Such care certainly includes double-checking your own testing. Step through test code in a debugger, line by line, just as you would production code. Walkthroughs and inspections of test data are appropriate. Plan test cases as you develop your software Effective planning for testing should start at the requirements stage or as soon as you get the assignment for the program. This helps to avoid test cases that are based on mistaken assumptions. Keep your test cases Spend a little quality time with your test cases. Save them for regression testing and for work on version 2. It s easy to justify the trouble if you know you re going to keep them rather than throw them away. Plug unit tests into a test framework Write code for unit tests first, but integrate them into a system-wide test framework (like JUnit) as you complete each test. Having an integrated test framework prevents the tendency to throw away test cases mentioned above.

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In these zone files, resource records have the following syntax:

This section surveys the kinds of testing tools you can buy commercially or build yourself. It won t name specific products because they could easily be out of date by the time you read this. Refer to your favorite programmer s magazine for the most recent specifics.

Table 4-3

6. On the Additional Information page, type the same shared secret for VPN1 in both the Shared Secret text box and in the Confirm Shared Secret text box.

Description The name of the host or the DNS domain to which this resource record belongs. A 32-bit integer that represents, in seconds, the length of time that a DNS server or client should cache this entry before it is discarded. This field is optional, and if it is not specified, the client uses the minimum TTL in the SOA record. The field that defines the protocol family in use. For Windows DNS servers, the resource record is always of the class Internet, abbreviated IN. This field is optional and is not automatically generated. The field that identifies the type of resource record, such as A or SRV. The resource record data. It is a variable-length field that represents the infor mation being described by the resource record type. For example, in an A resource record, this is the 32-bit IP address that represents the host identified by the owner.